Interactive Africa Regulatory Intelligence Map

The Africa Regulatory Intelligence Map helps CFOs and treasury teams understand where stablecoin and Bitcoin treasury use is legally permitted, restricted, unclear, or banned across key African markets.

What the map provides: Verified regulatory status for stablecoins first, with Bitcoin as a secondary treasury layer. Each country is classified using a four-tier system and supported by regulator details, legislation references, corporate-use guidance, risk rating, and last-reviewed date. The tool shows what regulators say, not what Hash Impact recommends.

$54B

Annual stablecoin volume already flowing across Africa

48 Hours

Maximum time to update any country brief after a material regulatory event

4 Tiers

Legal, Grey Area, Restricted, and Banned regulatory classification

10

Markets covered at launch, expanding to 54

A CFO in Nairobi paying a supplier in Accra should not need to route payments through New York. Regulatory clarity is the first step toward operational change.

Regulatory Intelligence Board
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Legal
Grey Area
Restricted
Banned
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East Africa

Kenya

Improving
LegalMedium

Public Summary

Stablecoins are legal in Kenya under VASP Act 2025, but no VASP has yet been licensed - implementing regulations are pending finalisation post-April 2026 public consultation. A CFO can use stablecoin rails today via providers like Yellow Card and Kotani Pay, but operates in a compliance grey zone until licensing commences. Kenya remains on the FATF grey list, adding correspondent banking friction. The 3% Digital Asset Tax has been repealed; a 10% excise duty on VASP fees now applies.

Last Reviewed2026-06-26
Corporate UseConditional
DRAFT LAW PENDING
Key Legislation
  • Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2025 (Act No. 20 of 2025) - assented 15 Oct 2025, gazetted 21 Oct 2025, effective 4 Nov 2025
  • Defines virtual assets, designates CBK and CMA as dual regulators, mandates licensing for all VASPs, one-year transition period to 4 Nov 2026. Draft Virtual Asset Service Providers Regulations 2026 (National Treasury - in public consultation as of April 2026 NOT YET GAZETTED). Anti-Money Laundering and Combating of Terrorism Financing Laws (Amendment) Act 2025 (signed 17 Jun 2025) - AML/CFT framework reform supporting FATF action plan. Finance Act 2025 - repealed 3% Digital Asset Tax
  • Replaced with 10% excise duty on VASP fees (effective 1 Jul 2025).
DRAFT LAW PENDING
On/Off Ramps
  • Yellow Card (pan-African B2B stablecoin infrastructure; Kenya present; USDT/USDC/PYUSD; M-Pesa and bank off-ramp; B2B-only from Jan 2026)
  • Kotani Pay (USDC/USDT to M-Pesa API; East Africa specialist; used by Mercy Corps USDC-to-M-Pesa pilot in Kenya)
  • HoneyCoin (USDC/USDT to KES via M-Pesa and bank; cross-border stablecoin settlement; Kenya included)
  • Chipper Cash (USDC behind-the-scenes rails; Kenya present; cross-border remittance)
  • P2P marketplaces (Binance P2P, LocalBitcoins-equivalent; dominant for retail - no formal licensing yet)
Licensing Requirements
  • VASP Act 2025 (effective 4 Nov 2025): all entities providing virtual asset services in or from Kenya must obtain a licence from CBK (stablecoin issuers, custodial wallet providers, payment processors) or CMA (exchanges, brokers, fund managers, tokenisation).
  • Only companies limited by shares (local or foreign-registered) may apply - natural persons are prohibited.
  • Annual licences subject to regulator conditions.
  • Mandatory AML/CFT programme; vetting of all senior staff; KYC/CDD obligations; suspicious transaction reporting to Financial Reporting Centre (FRC).
  • Transition period: existing VASPs must comply by 4 Nov 2026 (Section 47).
  • HOWEVER: licensing has not yet commenced - implementing regulations are still being finalised post-April 2026 public consultation.
  • Draft VASP Regulations 2026 introduce: local incorporation or foreign company registration requirement; physical office in Kenya; fit-and-proper assessments for directors; capital requirements proportionate to scale and risk; stablecoin-specific rules (30% customer funds in segregated Kenyan commercial bank accounts; remainder in high-quality liquid assets; 100% reserves in cash or short-term government securities per forum discussions).
  • No licensee list published by CBK or CMA as of record date.
DRAFT LAW PENDING
Approved Protocols
  • USDT (Tolerated) - Circulating widely in Kenyan market via Yellow Card and P2P; not named in VASP Act 2025 or Draft Regulations as an approved protocol. Tolerated pending licensing regime.
  • USDC (Tolerated) - Used by Kotani Pay and Chipper Cash in Kenya; not named in VASP Act 2025 or Draft Regulations. Tolerated pending licensing.
UNVERIFIED PRIMARY

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This intelligence is for informational use only and is not financial, legal, tax, or investment advice. Seek jurisdiction-specific legal counsel before acting.

Methodology

Built for Corporate Treasury, Not Retail Crypto Lists

Many jurisdictions have exchange or retail-crypto rules but no clear framework for companies holding stablecoins on balance sheet or using them for supplier settlement. Hash Impact's classification focuses on the specific corporate-use question CFOs need answered: can this company use stablecoins or Bitcoin for treasury management or cross-border payments in this market today?

Classification note: Classification is based on primary regulatory sources - central bank circulars, legislation, and official regulatory guidance - not secondary commentary or news reporting.

Legal

A formal regulatory framework exists. Corporate use is explicitly permitted or licensed. A CFO can proceed with appropriate compliance steps.

Grey Area

No explicit prohibition exists, but there is no formal framework. Corporate use may be technically possible, but it carries regulatory uncertainty. Proceed with caution and legal counsel.

Restricted

A framework exists or is developing, but corporate use is not yet formally authorised. Sandbox participation may be possible. The market is not ready for live treasury deployment.

Banned

There is an explicit legal prohibition on crypto or stablecoin activity. Corporate use carries legal and enforcement risk. Do not proceed without specific legal advice.

Data Sources

Verified Intelligence Sources

Primary sources determine every regulatory classification. Secondary and market sources are monitored for signal but never set a classification on their own.

Every classification is checked against the original government or central bank publication before it is published. We do not classify a market based on a secondary or commercial source alone.

PRIMARY SOURCES · DETERMINE CLASSIFICATION

PRIMARY

Official central bank websites

PRIMARY

FATF mutual evaluation reports

PRIMARY

National gazette & legislation portals

PRIMARY

IMF Article IV country reports

MARKET MONITORING · SIGNALS ONLY, NEVER CLASSIFICATIONS

SECONDARY

Chainalysis Geography of Crypto

SECONDARY

TRM Labs Global Crypto Policy Review

SECONDARY

PwC Global Crypto Regulation Report

OPERATOR SIGNAL

Yellow Card / Kotani Pay / Bitso

De facto market practice, not regulatory status

Update Cadence

How We Keep the Map Current

Regulatory conditions change. Every country brief is reviewed on a scheduled basis and updated within 48 hours of any material regulatory event.

Scheduled Quarterly Review

Frequency: Every 90 days

Trigger: Jan, Apr, Jul, Oct

Fields: All fields

Triggered Major Update

Frequency: Within 48 hours

Trigger: New law, circular, or tier change

Fields: Status, trajectory, legislation, risk, commentary

Triggered Minor Update

Frequency: Within 7 days

Trigger: Sandbox, speech, or draft bill

Fields: Trajectory, sandbox, commentary

On/Off Ramp Check

Frequency: Monthly

Trigger: First day of each month

Fields: On/off ramp availability

Volume Data Refresh

Frequency: Annual

Trigger: Chainalysis report release

Fields: Volume, protocol split

Country Expansion

Frequency: Continuous

Trigger: Added as regulatory research is verified

Fields: All fields for new countries

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Hash Impact helps CFOs, treasury leaders, and compliance teams understand the regulatory and operational requirements for stablecoin and Bitcoin-enabled cross-border payments across Africa.

This intelligence is for informational use only and is not financial, legal, tax, or investment advice.